Saturday, May 16, 2009

Muslin






Muslin is a type of finely-woven cotton fabric. Muslin is most typically a closely-woven unbleached or white cloth, produced from corded cotton yarn. It is used to make dresses or curtains. Muslin actually originated from Dhaka. It is a good choice of material for clothing meant for hot, dry climates.
Muslin is a brand name of pre-colonial Bengal textile. The finest sort of Muslin was called Malmal Shahi or Malmal Khas by foreign travellers. It was costly and specially used by emperors, nawabs etc. Dhaka Muslin was in great demand in the national and international markets. It was exported widely. In 1747 the export of the fine variety of Muslins, including those made for the emperors, nawabs etc was valued at rupees twenty-eight lakh and a half.In theatre Muslin is helpful in masking the background of sets. It is also used by photographer as backdrop material for formal portrait backgrounds. Its another speciality is that it holds dyes very well. It was so efficiently woven that it could be passed through a middle sized ring.
In Dhaka Muslin industry declined after the Battle of Palashi. The decline of Dhaka Muslin was due to loss of patronage from emperors, nawabs etc. The most important reason of decline and extinction of the Muslin industry was the industrial revolution in England, which introduced modern inventions in manufacture.

Monday, May 11, 2009

Husking Pedal (Dheki)



Husking pedal was an useful device in country life. It was an icon of country-culture in Bangladesh. It is called 'Dheki' in Bangla. It is a wooden device for husking paddy, pulse and some other types of grain. It is also used to grind grains.
Dheki consists a wooden lever. It moves on a small bolt passing through it and two cheeks, which are driven into the ground. Under one end of the lever is fastened a cylindrical piece of wood, about 18 inches in length and 6 inches in diameter, the lower end of which is surrounded by an iron hoop. This serves as a pestle, that is raised by the lever, and that falls down by its own weight. The power is increased by the bolt that serves as a fulcrum. It is placed at five-eighths of the whole length of the lever from the pestle.
Usually, 2-3 women work with this device, 1-2 alternatively press down the end of the lever with their feet to raise the pestle, and then by removing their feet allow the pestle to fall. One of them removes the beaten grain, and puts a fresh supply into the device which just is a circular hollow in the ground with a piece of wood in the bottom to receive the blow. The work of women who move the lever is laborious. In Bangladesh 'Dheki' is being replaced by rice mills.
Reference collected from Banglapedia)


Thursday, May 7, 2009

Paduka (Khorom)




The paduka—also known as the khadaun, kharawan, karom (Khorom-in Bangla)—is the simplest type of Indian foot protection. At its most basic, a paduka is a wooden sole with a knob that fits between the big toe and the second toe. The wearer grips the knob between his toes to keep the sole on the foot. First worn by mendicants, or religious men, padukas have been part of Indian costume since at least the seventh century C.E. Also used in Bangladesh specially in Hindu family. In modern times padukas are rarely worn, yet they are still valued as symbols of religious devotion.

Palanquin (Palki)




Palanquin, also known as palki, is a covered sedan (or litter) carried on four poles. Its carried by on the shoulders of two, four or even eight bearers of special caste or class. The European traders in Bengal in the 17th and 18th centuries widely used palki for visiting purpose. In Bangladesh it was used for visiting purpose and specially in wedding ceremony to carrying bride.

In the early nineteenth century, the postal department introduced stage palanquin for mail and passengers. Long distance passengers used to buy stage palki tickets from the post office. By the mid-nineteenth century, the Europeans by and large stopped using palanquins. But until the end of the nineteenth century, the babus and aristocratic natives commonly used palanquins as their means of transport. The palanquin used by Rabindranath Tagore in his visits to his zamindari kachari at Shilaidaha is still preserved there at the Tagore Kuthibari. The affluent people normally owned palanquins, which were borne mainly by their slaves, and the general people used it on hire. Palki is aslo preserved in the Dhaka Museum.

Palanquin began to decline from the mid-nineteenth century when steamer and rail communications started and general transportation began to improve. At present, it can only see in the museum.